How are sea surface temperatures monitored?
To measure SST, scientists deploy temperature sensors on satellites, buoys, ships, ocean reference stations, and through marine telemetry. The NOAA-led U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS®) and NOAA’s Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) merge their data to provide SSTs worldwide.
How do we gather sea surface temperature data?
Sea surface temperature is a key climate and weather measurement obtained by satellite microwave radiometers, infrared (IR) radiometers, in situ moored and drifting buoys, and ships of opportunity. Different instruments measure the temperature at different depths.
Is sea surface temperature correlated with temperature?
SST averaged over the ice-free months of May–November is strongly correlated to an index of the April–November air temperature anomaly, capturing up to 90% of the variance, suggesting strong coupling between air and sea-surface temperatures on seasonal time scales.
Which instrument has been measuring sea surface temperatures since 1978?
Since 1978 microwave sounding units (MSUs) on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration polar orbiting satellites have measured the intensity of upwelling microwave radiation from atmospheric oxygen, which is related to the temperature of broad vertical layers of the atmosphere.
What causes sea surface temperatures to rise?
The ocean absorbs vast quantities of heat as a result of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, mainly from fossil fuel consumption. This is causing ocean temperatures to rise.
Which sea has highest temperature?
Answer: The hottest ocean area is in the Persian Gulf, where water temperatures at the surface exceed 90 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer. Another hot area exists in the Red Sea, where a temperature of 132.8 degrees Fahrenheit has been recorded at a depth of about 6,500 feet.
Which two regions have the warmest sea surface temperature?
Sea surface temperature—the temperature of the water at the ocean surface—is an important physical attribute of the world’s oceans. The surface temperature of the world’s oceans varies mainly with latitude, with the warmest waters generally near the equator and the coldest waters in the Arctic and Antarctic regions.
What is land surface temperature?
The Land Surface Temperature (LST) is the radiative skin temperature of the land surface, as measured in the direction of the remote sensor. In turn, the LST influences the partition of energy between ground and vegetation, and determines the surface air temperature. …
Does satellite data show global warming?
After analysis of the satellite record with these concerns in mind, the NCAR scientists said that the satellite record actually shows slight warming rather than cooling trends in the atmosphere.
How does remote sensing work for sea surface temperature?
Remote Sensing Systems distributes the data in high spatial and temporal (daily, weekly, monthly) resolutions for both daytime and nighttime averages. Monthly versions are available on a 1°x1° grid from JPL PO-DAAC as well as the CMIP5 obs4MIPS distribution; these 1°x1° monthly versions were computed from the nighttime averages.
What is the accuracy of satellite sea surface temperature?
Gentemann, CL, T Meissner & FJ Wentz, 2010: Accuracy of Satellite Sea Surface Temperatures at 7 and 11 GHz, IEEE Transactions on Geosciences and Remote Sensing, 48 (3), 1009-1018. Monthly mean SST, number of observations and standard error for July, 2006 derived from AMSR-E.
Where does the SST from remote sensing come from?
SST (AMSR-E): Sea Surface Temperature from Remote Sensing Systems High resolution (0.25°) SSTs were derived from the AMSR-E, a passive microwave radiometer flying on NASA’s AQUA satellite. Remote Sensing Systems distributes the data in high spatial and temporal (daily, weekly, monthly) resolutions for both daytime and nighttime averages.
Which is group for high resolution sea surface temperature ( SST )?
Coordinated by the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST), data format specification and standardization of SST products have reached a high level of maturity that enables the use of these data to proliferate.
