What is the use of DFI?

DFi™ is pervasive industry specification that defines an interface protocol between DDR memory controllers and PHYs [2]. It enables the development of systems-on-chip (SoCs) that support the latest DRAM standards.

What is DDR PHY training?

DDR is an essential component of every complex SOC. It requires every engineer working on SoC to be well versed with DDR protocol concepts including DDR controller, DDR PHY, DDR memory, etc. The course focus on teaching DDR3, DDR4, timing diagrams, training sequence, DDR controller design concepts and DDRPHY concepts.

What is DDR protocol?

It is a memory technology based on Synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM). DDR SDRAM access is twice as fast as SDRAM, because DDR data transfers occurs on both edges of the clock signal as compared to SDRAM which transfers data only on the rising edge of a clock.

What is memory PHY?

The PHY consists of a Command/Address (C/A) macro cell and Data (DQ) macro cells configured to create a 72-bit wide channel. The Northwest Logic DDR4 controller maximizes memory bus efficiency via Look-Ahead command processing, bank management, auto-precharge and additive latency support.

Why do we need DDR PHY?

The DDR PHY IP is designed to connect seamlessly and work with third-party, DFI-compliant memory controllers. The DDR PHY IP is developed and validated to reduce risk for the customer so that their SoC will work right the first time.

What does DDR PHY do?

The DDR PHY Interface (DFI) is used in several consumer electronics devices including smart phones. DFI is an interface protocol that defines signals, timing, and programmable parameters required to transfer control information and data to and from the DRAM devices, and between MC (Micro Controller) and PHY.

Why is DDR training required?

Hence, one of the key requirements for a robust memory system is to train the DDR channel such that the channel has optimal signal integrity in both the time and voltage domains. There are three different ways a DDR memory interface can be trained: By the core CPU through software (SW) or firmware (FW)

What is DDR PHY interface?

Which DDR RAM is best?

Best RAM You Can Buy Today

Patriot Viper Steel DDR4-4400 (2 x 8GB)
Patriot Viper RGB DDR4-3600 (2 x 8GB)
Patriot Viper 4 DDR4-3400 (2 x 8GB)
Corsair Vengeance RGB Pro DDR4-3200 (4 x 8GB)
Patriot Viper Steel DDR4-3200 (2 x 16GB)
Patriot Viper Steel DDR4-3600 (2 x 32GB)
G.
Corsair Vengeance LPX DDR4-2666 (2 x 8GB)

How do I use DDR interface?

DDR Memory Interface Basics

Figure 1: A representative test setup for physical-layer DDR testing.
Figure 2: Common clock, command, and address lines link DRAM chips and controller.
Figure 3: The timing relationship between the DDR strobe and data signals is different for reads and writes.

How does DDR memory work?

DDR works by taking a driven clock – front side bus frequency usually and modified by multipliers/divisors, enabling it to run to its rated frequency – and outputting two bits of data onto the memory bus from the DRAM’s I/O buffers, per driven clock cycle.

What is ZQ in DDR?

ZQ calibration is a process that tunes the DRAM and ESDCTL I/O pad output drivers (drive strength) and ODT values across changes in process, voltage, and temperature. There are two instances where ZQ calibration is performed: on the i. MX53 (DDR pads) and on the DDR device.