What causes elevated chromogranin A levels?
CgA levels may be elevated in conditions such as liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, chronic bronchitis, renal insufficiency, and stress. These possible causes for elevated CgA levels should be considered when interpreting test results.
What is considered a high chromogranin A level?
There is a normal level of Chromogranin A in the blood, and the range currently is less than 39ng/l.. Abnormal levels can vary form forty to the thousands. The sensitivity of the test for CgA is about 80%, this means that 80% of the time abnormal levels are correctly associated with disease.
What do you monitor with proton pump inhibitors?
3 In 2011, the US Food and Drug Administra- tion (FDA) issued a safety warning regarding the association between PPI use and hypomagnesemia and recommended moni- toring of magnesium levels in patients receiving long-term PPI therapy.
What medication would a patient receive a PPI with?
PPIs include heavily marketed and therefore familiar brand-name drugs like Prevacid (lansoprazole), Prilosec (omeprazole), and Nexium (esomeprazole). They are prescribed to both prevent and treat ulcers in the duodenum (where most ulcers develop) and the stomach.
What is an elevated chromogranin?
Chromogranin A and non-neuroendocrine neoplasms Elevated chromogranin in cases of prostate cancer shows neuroendocrine differentiation of tumor tissue, which is associated with progression, poor prognosis and resistance to hormonal therapy [25].
What does a positive chromogranin mean?
Adrenal system tumors that stain positive for chromogranin A include pheochromocytoma. Lung tumors include small cell cancer. Elevation in serum CgA correlates with the size, extension and the histopathology of the neuroendocrine tumors; it is usually higher in large, metastatic, and well-differentiated tumors.
What happens if Chromogranin is high?
Elevated chromogranin A is also observed in cases of acute coronary syndromes, where a high concentration of the peptide significantly worsens the prognosis [18]. Circulating CgA seems to reflect inflammation and cardiac overload rather than activation of the autonomous nervous system.
What is the strongest PPI medication?
Pantoprazole is marketed as being cheaper, and may be better for patients paying for their own medications. Esomeprazole (Nexium), a new and very potent PPI, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2001.
What foods affect chromogranin A?
You will want to avoid foods that contain high levels of serotonin, such as some nuts, bananas, pineapples and tomatoes, especially before having a 5-HIAA urine test. Avoid foods that contain high amounts of mines, nitrogen-containing organic compounds, as they can trigger the release of serotonin and other hormones.
Can a proton pump inhibitor increase chromogranin A?
These possible causes for elevated CgA levels should be considered when interpreting test results. Chromogranin A can also be increased in people who take proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which are drugs that reduce the amount of stomach acid. There are currently no FDA-approved chromogranin A tests.
How is the chromogranin A ( CgA ) test used?
The chromogranin A (CgA) test is used as a tumor marker. It may be ordered alone or in combination with a 5-HIAA test to help diagnose carcinoid tumors. CgA may also be used to detect the presence of other tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells.
What causes elevated serum chromogranin A ( cgak )?
Causes of Elevations of Serum Chromogranin A Concentration Unrelated To Carcinoids or Other Neuroendocrine Tumors. Proton Pump Inhibitor Drugs: Drugs that stimulate secretion of neuroendocrine cells can lead to artifactual chromogranin A (CGA) elevations.
Is it possible to get a positive chromogranin A result?
The good news is that when there is a positive result, about 80% of the tumors that are found tend to be benign. Having high levels of Chromogranin A is also a rather rare condition. Is there a possibility of a false positive result?
