What is epizootic and enzootic?
An epizootic is defined as an outbreak of disease in which there is an unusually large number of cases, whereas an enzootic refers to a low level of disease that is constantly present in a population (Steinhaus, 1967; Onstad et al., 2006).
What is an example of enzootic disease?
An example of an enzootic disease would be the influenza virus in some bird populations or, at a lower incidence, the Type IVb strain of VHS in certain Atlantic fish populations.
What is epizootic hemorrhagic disease?
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a hemorrhagic disease of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) caused by an infection of a virus from the genus Orbivirus subsequently called Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV).
What is the enzootic cycle?
The sylvatic cycle, also enzootic or sylvatic transmission cycle, is a portion of the natural transmission cycle of a pathogen. The sylvatic cycle is the fraction of the pathogen population’s lifespan spent cycling between wild animals and vectors.
What are exotic diseases?
Exotic diseases are infectious diseases that normally do not occur in the region of your pig farm either because they have never been present there or because they were eradicated and then kept out by government control measures.
Which is epidemic disease?
An epidemic is when an infectious disease spreads quickly to more people than experts would expect. It usually affects a larger area than an outbreak. A pandemic is a disease outbreak that spreads across countries or continents. It affects more people and takes more lives than an epidemic.
What is epizootic example?
Epizootic disease is a disease event in an animal population akin to an epidemic in humans. Examples of epizootic disease include avian influenza, swine fever and foot and mouth disease.
How is epizootic hemorrhagic disease spread?
EHD is transmitted to an animal host by an insect in the Culicoides genus, often called a midge or gnat. A female midge picks up the virus from the blood of an infected host and then transmits the virus by biting another host.
Can humans get epizootic hemorrhagic disease?
Fast facts. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) and bluetongue virus (BTV) are viruses that can infect deer. EHD is more commonly found in white-tailed deer. Neither EHD nor BTV affects humans.
Is Lyme disease enzootic?
Although these two tick species transmit B. burgdorferi to humans, they can also serve as enzootic vectors among several species of mammals and birds. In fact, in the northeast and north central states, I.
What is Anthropozoonotic disease?
n. a disease that is transmissible from an animal to a human, or vice versa, under natural conditions. Diseases that are found primarily in animals and sometimes affect humans include leptospirosis, anthrax, and rabies.
What is zoonosis disease?
Zoonotic Diseases: Disease Transmitted from Animals to Humans. A zoonosis (zoonotic disease or zoonoses -plural) is an infectious disease that is transmitted between species from animals to humans (or from humans to animals).
What’s the difference between enzootic and epizootic disease?
1 Answer 1. Enzootic and epizootic are analogous to endemic and epidemic, respectively. Enzootic means something that affects a population of non-human animals in a limited spatio-temporal region whereas epizootic is relatively more widespread. Endemic and epidemic are more general terms and do not, technically, apply to only humans.
How is enzootic disease spread in wild animals?
…rodent–flea–rodent, as a rule is enzootic—that is, present in an animal community at all times but affecting only small numbers of animals. However, under certain environmental conditions the cycle reaches epizootic proportions (affecting many animals in a region at the same time). Spread of the infection among wild or domestic…
Where does enzootic disease occur in the UK?
Enzootic disease has been recorded only in the United Kingdom and occurs only in the hill areas that are habitats for the tick I. ricinus. The disease occurs in the spring and early summer. The annual incidence varies with the year and between farms.
What kind of animals are affected by epizootic hemorrhagic disease?
It is the causative agent of epizootic hemorrhagic disease, an acute, infectious, and often fatal disease of wild ruminants. In North America, the most severely affected ruminant is the white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ), although it may also infect mule deer, black-tailed deer, elk, bighorn sheep, and pronghorn antelope.
