What is meant by miliary tuberculosis?
Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is the widespread dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (see the image below) via hematogenous spread. Classic miliary TB is defined as milletlike (mean, 2 mm; range, 1-5 mm) seeding of TB bacilli in the lung, as evidenced on chest radiography.
What is the difference between pulmonary TB and miliary TB?
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infection that usually affects only your lungs, which is why it’s often called pulmonary tuberculosis. However, sometimes the bacteria get into your blood, spread throughout your body, and grow in one or several organs. This is called miliary TB, a disseminated form of tuberculosis.
What are the clinical types of miliary tuberculosis?
The most common extrapulmonary sites include the lymphatic system, bones and joints, liver, central nervous system (CNS), and adrenal glands. Acute miliary TB may be fulminant, including multiorgan system failure [7], a syndrome of septic shock [8], and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [9,10].
What is the treatment of miliary TB?
Generally, treatment of miliary tuberculosis is similar to the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis . Antibiotics are given usually given for 6 to 9 months, unless the meninges are affected. Then antibiotics are given for 9 to 12 months. Corticosteroids may help if the pericardium or meninges are affected.
What causes miliary TB?
Miliary TB is a potentially fatal form of TB that results from massive lymphohematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. The epidemiology of miliary TB has been altered by the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and widespread use of immunosuppressive drugs.
How is miliary TB treated?
Treatment of Miliary TB Antibiotics are given usually given for 6 to 9 months, unless the meninges are affected. Then antibiotics are given for 9 to 12 months. Corticosteroids may help if the pericardium or meninges are affected.
What are the reasons for miliary tuberculosis?
How do you control miliary TB?
What is the cause of miliary tuberculosis?
Miliary tuberculosis is a potentially life-threatening type of tuberculosis that occurs when a large number of the bacteria travel through the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. Tuberculosis is a contagious infection caused by the airborne bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
How common is miliary TB?
Miliary tuberculosis is present in about 2% of all reported cases of tuberculosis and accounts for up to 20% of all extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases.
How long do you treat miliary TB?
What are the symptoms of miliary TB?
Symptoms of Miliary TB They include weight loss, fever, chills, weakness, general discomfort, and difficulty breathing. Infection of the bone marrow may cause severe anemia and other blood abnormalities, suggesting leukemia.
Which is an acute form of miliary tuberculosis?
miliary tuberculosis An acute form of TUBERCULOSISthat occurs if a focus of tuberculosis erodes a vein so that tubercular material is scattered throughout the whole body to set up new foci of infection.
How often is miliary tuberculosis fatal if left untreated?
Prognosis If left untreated, miliary tuberculosis is almost always fatal. Although most cases of miliary tuberculosis are treatable, the mortality rate among children with miliary tuberculosis remains 15 to 20% and for adults 25 to 30%.
How did miliary TB become known as disseminated TB?
This is called miliary TB, a disseminated form of tuberculosis. on autopsy findings, after a patient had died. The bodies would have a lot of very small spots similar to hundreds of tiny seeds about 2 millimeters long scatted in various tissues. Since a millet seed is about that size, the condition became known as miliary TB.
How does miliary tuberculosis affect the human body?
Once the bacteria reach the left side of the heart and enter the systemic circulation, they may multiply and infect extrapulmonary organs. Once infected, the cell-mediated immune response is activated. The infected sites become surrounded by macrophages, which form granuloma, giving the typical appearance of miliary tuberculosis.
